5th International Conference on
Gastroenterology

Hepatitis is a viral infection that affects the liver, causing inflammation and potentially leading to serious health complications. There are several types of Hepatitis viruses, including Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, each with different modes of transmission and varying levels of severity. Hepatitis A and E are typically transmitted through contaminated food or water, while Hepatitis B, C, and D are primarily spread through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids, such as during unprotected sex or sharing needles.

Symptoms of Hepatitis may include fatigue, Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, nausea, and loss of appetite. Some forms of Hepatitis can become chronic, increasing the risk of liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer. Vaccines are available for Hepatitis A and B, and effective treatments exist for Hepatitis C. Preventive measures such as practicing good hygiene, using barrier methods during sexual activity, and avoiding sharing needles can help reduce the risk of Hepatitis transmission.

Sub-Tracks:

• Types of Hepatitis
• Fulminant Hepatitis
• Hepatic Encephalopathy
• Hepatitis Prevention and Treatment
• Hepatitis and HIV Co-infection

Endoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the body, typically the Gastrointestinal Tract, using an instrument called an Endoscope. The Endoscope is a long, thin, flexible tube with a camera and light on the end that allows a physician to see the inside of the body on a monitor. Endoscopy can be used to diagnose and treat a variety of conditions, including ulcers, polyps, and cancer.

Current research in Endoscopy is focused on improving the accuracy and safety of the procedure, as well as developing new uses for Endoscopy. One area of research is in the development of advanced imaging techniques, such as narrow-band imaging and confocal laser endomicroscopy, which provide higher resolution images of the Gastrointestinal Tract and can help detect early-stage cancers and precancerous lesions.

Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique that involves making small incisions in the abdomen and inserting a Laparoscope, a thin tube with a camera and light on the end, to view the internal organs. The Laparoscope is connected to a video monitor, which allows the surgeon to see the organs and perform surgical procedures using specialized instruments inserted through other small incisions.

Current research in Laparoscopy is focused on improving its safety, efficacy, and precision. One area of research is in the development of new technologies and instruments, such as robotic-assisted Laparoscopy, which allows for greater precision and control during surgery. Researchers are also investigating ways to improve patient outcomes, such as reducing the risk of complications, minimizing post-operative pain and discomfort, and improving recovery times.

Sub-Tracks:

• Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
• Cystoscopy and Ureteroscopy
• Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
• Robotic Laparoscopic Surgery
• Non-Robotic Hand-Guided Assistance Systems

Gastrointestinal Bleeding refers to any bleeding that occurs in the digestive tract, from the esophagus to the rectum. This condition can range from mild to life-threatening, depending on the cause and severity of the bleeding.

Current research in Gastrointestinal Bleeding is focused on improving our understanding of the underlying causes of this condition, developing new diagnostic and treatment strategies, and improving outcomes for affected patients.

This research covers a broad range of areas, including the use of endoscopy and other imaging techniques to identify the source of bleeding, the development of new medications and procedures to stop bleeding, and the use of blood transfusions to restore blood volume and prevent complications.

Ultimately, the goal of this research is to provide better care for patients with Gastrointestinal Bleeding, reduce the risk ofhe complications, and improve overall outcomes. By identifying the underlying causes of bleeding and developing new treatments, researchers hope to reduce the incidence of this condition and improve the quality of life for affected patients.

Sub-Tracks:

• Types and Causes of Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Pharmacological Management of Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Transfusion Therapy for Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Anal Fissures
• Causes and Treatment of Haemorrhoids

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. While there is currently no cure for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, there are a variety of modern treatments that can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life for those living with the condition.

One of the most common treatments for Inflammatory Bowel Disease is medication. There are several types of medications that can be used to reduce inflammation in the digestive tract, including amino salicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biologics. These medications work by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation in the gut.

In addition to medication and surgery, there are several other modern treatments for Inflammatory Bowel Disease that are currently being researched and developed. These include faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which involves transplanting healthy bacteria from a donor into the patient's gut to restore a healthy balance of gut bacteria, and stem cell therapy, which involves using stem cells to repair damaged tissue in the gut.

Sub-Tracks:

• Celiac Disease and Associated Disorders
• Crohn’s Disease and its Complications
• Immunosuppression Therapy
• Ulcerative Colitis
• Nutrition and Diet Management for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Gastrointestinal Oncology is a specialized field of medicine focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of cancers that affect the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, colon, and rectum. Gastrointestinal cancers are diverse and can present various challenges due to their location, aggressive nature, and potential for metastasis.

Gastrointestinal Oncologists employ a multidisciplinary approach, collaborating with Surgeons, Medical Oncologists, radiation Oncologists, Radiologists, and Pathologists to provide comprehensive and personalized care to patients.

The field encompasses advanced diagnostic techniques, such as endoscopy and imaging studies, along with a range of treatment modalities including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy. Gastrointestinal oncology research continues to advance our understanding of these complex cancers, leading to the development of novel treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes.

Ongoing Research in Gastrointestinal Oncology:

Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy is a promising new treatment approach for Gastrointestinal cancers, which uses the patient's own immune system to attack cancer cells. Researchers are investigating new immunotherapies and combination therapies that may be more effective in treating Gastrointestinal Cancers.

Liquid Biopsies: Liquid biopsies are a non-invasive way to detect cancer by analyzing DNA or other biomarkers in the patient's blood. Researchers are investigating the use of liquid biopsies for the early detection and monitoring of Gastrointestinal cancers.

Precision Medicine: Precision medicine involves tailoring treatment to the specific genetic characteristics of a patient's cancer. Researchers are studying the use of precision medicine for Gastrointestinal Cancers and developing new targeted therapies that may be more effective than traditional Chemotherapy.

Sub-Tracks:

• Colorectal Cancer
• Neuro Endocrine Neoplasms
• Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)
• Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Gastrointestinal Cancers
• Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Gastrointestinal Cancers

GERD, which stands for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, is a chronic digestive disorder that occurs when stomach acid or bile flows back into the esophagus. This condition is characterized by symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation of acid or food, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing. GERD can be caused by a weakened lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which is the muscle that normally prevents stomach acid from entering the esophagus. Other contributing factors include obesity, pregnancy, Hiatal Hernia, and certain lifestyle habits like smoking and consuming acidic or spicy foods.

Treatment for GERD typically involves lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, dietary changes, and avoiding trigger foods, as well as medications that reduce stomach acid production or neutralize it. In severe cases, surgical interventions may be considered. Untreated or poorly managed GERD can lead to complications like esophagitis, esophageal strictures, and Barrett's esophagus, which is a precancerous condition. If you suspect you have GERD, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.

Sub-Tracks:

• Barrett's Esophagus – Causes and Treatments
• Extraesophageal Manifestations of GERD
• Esophagitis
• Different Types of GERD
• Diet Pattern for Acid Reflux

Gastroenteritis, commonly referred to as the stomach flu, is a condition characterized by Inflammation of the Gastrointestinal tract. It is primarily caused by viral or bacterial infections, although parasites and certain toxins can also be responsible. Gastroenteritis is commonly associated with symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, nausea, and sometimes fever. The condition is highly contagious and can spread through contaminated food, water, or close contact with infected individuals.

Gastroenteritis typically resolves within a few days with supportive care, including hydration to prevent dehydration and rest to aid in recovery. In some cases, especially in young children or immunocompromised individuals, medical intervention may be required. Prevention measures such as proper hand hygiene, safe food handling, and vaccination can help reduce the risk of gastroenteritis.

Parasitic infections: Parasites such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium can cause Gastroenteritis as well.

Sub-Tracks:

• Types of Gastroenteritis
• Cytomegalovirus Gastroenteritis: Symptoms and Treatment
• Management of Complications and supportive care for Gastroenteritis.
• Antiemetic and Antidiarrheal Medications
• Vaccine Advancements and Targeted Prevention Strategies

Colonoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that allows doctors to examine the large intestine (colon) for any signs of disease or abnormalities. During a colonoscopy, a long, flexible tube with a camera on the end is inserted through the rectum and into the colon. The camera allows the doctor to see the lining of the colon and identify any abnormalities such as polyps or tumors. If a polyp is found, it can be removed during the colonoscopy procedure and sent to a laboratory for further testing.

Colonoscopy is a safe and effective procedure that is commonly used to screen for colorectal cancer, which is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. In addition to cancer screening, colonoscopy can also be used to diagnose and monitor other conditions such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease, diverticulitis, and unexplained changes in bowel habits. Prior to a colonoscopy, patients are typically instructed to follow a special diet and bowel preparation regimen to ensure that the colon is clear and easily visible during the procedure.

Although colonoscopy may be uncomfortable, it is generally well-tolerated, and patients are typically able to resume their normal activities shortly after the procedure. Regular colonoscopy screening is recommended for individuals over the age of 50 or for those with a family history of colorectal cancer or other risk factors.

Sub-Tracks:

• Sigmoidoscopy
• Virtual Colonoscopy (CT Colonography)
• Colonoscopy Techniques and Equipment
• Sedation and Patient Comfort
• Computer-aided detection and Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Obesity is a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Treatment for obesity typically involves lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise, medications, and in some cases, Bariatric Surgery.

Medications: Medications may be prescribed to aid in weight loss, particularly for individuals who have a BMI greater than 30 or have obesity-related conditions such as type 2 diabetes. These medications work by suppressing appetite or blocking the absorption of fat.

Bariatric Surgery: Bariatric Surgery, also known as weight loss surgery, is a surgical procedure that is reserved for individuals with severe obesity or those with a BMI greater than 40. The two most common types of Bariatric Surgery are gastric bypass and sleeve Gastrectomy. These surgeries work by reducing the size of the stomach and/or altering the way food is absorbed.

While Bariatric Surgery can be effective in achieving significant and sustained weight loss, it is not without risks and requires significant lifestyle changes post-surgery. As with any surgery, patients should thoroughly discuss the risks and benefits of Bariatric Surgery with their healthcare provider before making a decision.

Sub-Tracks:

• Lifestyle Interventions for weight loss
• Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch 
• Pre and Post Operative Evaluation and Preparation for Bariatric Surgery
• Long-Term Outcomes and Sustainability of weight loss after Bariatric Surgery
• Pharmacological Treatments for Obesity

Fatty liver, also known as Hepatic Steatosis, is a condition characterized by the accumulation of excessive fat in the liver cells. This buildup of fat can occur due to various factors, including obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, insulin resistance, certain medications, and metabolic disorders.

In NAFLD, the fat accumulation occurs in the liver cells without inflammation or significant liver damage. However, if inflammation and liver cell injury are present, it progresses to NASH, which can lead to more severe complications such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer.

Fatty liver is often asymptomatic in its early stages and is frequently diagnosed incidentally during routine medical check-ups or imaging tests. However, in some cases, it can cause symptoms such as fatigue, abdominal discomfort, and mild elevation of liver enzymes.

Treatment for Fatty Liver focuses on addressing underlying causes and reducing the risk of disease progression. Lifestyle modifications, including weight loss, regular exercise, and a balanced diet, are the cornerstone of management. Medications may be prescribed in some cases to manage associated conditions such as diabetes or high cholesterol. Close monitoring and regular follow-up with healthcare providers are important to assess liver health and manage any potential complications.

It is essential to recognize and address Fatty Liver early, as its progression can lead to serious liver damage. By adopting a healthy lifestyle and effectively managing underlying conditions, individuals with Fatty Liver can reduce the risk of complications and improve liver health. Consulting with a healthcare professional is recommended for proper diagnosis, guidance, and personalized treatment plans.

Sub-Tracks:

• Diagnostic Methods for Fatty Liver
• Fatty Liver in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
• Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
• Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
• Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD)

Paediatric Gastroenterology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of digestive disorders in children. These disorders can range from common conditions such as constipation and gastroesophageal reflux to more complex conditions such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Liver disease.

Current research in Paediatric Gastroenterology is focused on a variety of areas, including:

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): IBD is a chronic condition that can have a significant impact on a child's quality of life. Researchers are studying the underlying causes of IBD and developing new treatments to improve outcomes for children with this condition.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): GERD is a common condition in children that can cause discomfort and complications if left untreated. Researchers are studying the effectiveness of different treatment strategies for GERD in children, including lifestyle modifications, medication, and surgery.

Sub-Tracks:

• Paediatric Gastroparesis
• Genetic Disorders and Paediatric Gastroenterology
• Biliary atresia and other cholestatic liver diseases in infants
• Parasitic infections and their impact on Paediatric Gastrointestinal health
• Paediatric Celiac Disease and Gluten-Related Disorders

Gastrointestinal Tract imaging techniques are medical tests that use various imaging technologies to visualize the structures and functions of the digestive system. These imaging techniques are used to diagnose a wide range of gastrointestinal conditions such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease, ulcers, polyps, tumours, and obstructions.

Gastrointestinal Tract imaging techniques play a vital role in diagnosing and monitoring various digestive system conditions, allowing healthcare providers to develop accurate treatment plans for their patients.

Novel contrast agents: Contrast agents are substances that help highlight structures within the digestive system during imaging tests. Researchers are developing new types of contrast agents, such as nanoparticle-based agents, that may be safer and more effective than current agents.

Telemedicine: Telemedicine is the use of technology to provide remote healthcare services. Researchers are studying the use of telemedicine to improve access to diagnostic imaging tests for patients in rural or remote areas who may not have access to specialized imaging centres.

Sub-Tracks:

• Innovations in GI imaging techniques
• Hybrid imaging approaches
• Risks and Limitations of Gastrointestinal Tract Imaging Techniques
• Nuclear Medicine Imaging:
• Interpretation of GI imaging results

Peptic Ulcers are painful sores that develop in the lining of the stomach, esophagus, or small intestine. They are usually caused by an infection with the bacteria Helicobacter pylori, but they can also be caused by long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen, or excessive alcohol consumption.

Symptoms of Peptic Ulcers include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. If left untreated, Peptic Ulcers can lead to serious complications such as bleeding, perforation of the stomach or intestine, or even cancer.

Treatment for Peptic Ulcers typically involves a combination of antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori, acid-reducing medications such as proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers, and lifestyle changes such as avoiding NSAIDs and reducing alcohol consumption. With appropriate treatment, most people with Peptic Ulcers can recover and prevent future complications.

Sub-Tracks:

• Helicobacter Pylori Infection.
• Complications of Peptic Ulcers
• Symptoms and Early Stage Prevention of Peptic Ulcers
• Diagnosis and treatment of Peptic Ulcers
• Peptic Ulcers and Diet

A Hernia is a condition in which an organ or tissue bulges through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. Hernias can occur in various parts of the body, but are most commonly found in the abdomen. Common types of Hernias include Inguinal Hernias (which occur in the groin area), umbilical Hernias (which occur around the belly button), and Hiatal Hernias (which occur in the diaphragm).

Symptoms of a Hernia may include a visible bulge or swelling, pain or discomfort, and a feeling of heaviness in the affected area. Treatment for a hernia usually involves surgery to repair the weakened muscle or tissue, although in some cases, lifestyle changes or the use of a supportive device may be sufficient. Without treatment, a Hernia can cause complications such as bowel obstruction or strangulation, which can be life-threatening.

Sub-Tracks:

• Inguinal Hernia
• Symptoms of Hernias
• Complications of Hernias
• Management of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
• Diaphragmatic Hernia

Gastrointestinal immunology is a specialized field within immunology that specifically studies the immune system's functions and interactions within the Gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The GI tract is a complex system responsible for digestion, absorption of nutrients, and protection against harmful substances. It is constantly exposed to various antigens, including food particles, commensal bacteria, and potential pathogens. The immune system in the GI tract plays a crucial role in maintaining a balance between tolerance to harmless substances and an effective response against harmful invaders.

The Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) is the largest component of the immune system in the gut, and it includes Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, and isolated lymphoid follicles. Gastrointestinal immunology seeks to understand the mechanisms by which the immune system recognizes and responds to antigens in the gut, how immune responses are regulated to prevent tissue damage, and the ways in which dysregulation of the immune system can lead to chronic inflammation and disease, such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), celiac disease, and colorectal cancer.

Gastrointestinal pathology aims to understand the underlying causes of these diseases and how they manifest at a cellular and tissue level. It encompasses a wide range of disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease, infectious diseases, and cancers. Gastrointestinal pathology involves the analysis of tissue samples obtained from biopsies or surgical resections, which can be used to make a diagnosis and guide treatment decisions.

Common techniques used in Gastrointestinal Pathology include histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analysis. Advances in molecular pathology have led to the development of precision medicine approaches for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers, which aim to target specific molecular abnormalities present in the tumor. The study of gastrointestinal pathology is critical for advancing our understanding of these complex diseases and developing new and more effective therapies to treat them.

Sub-Tracks:

• Immunopathogenesis of Gastrointestinal Diseases
• Gut Microbiome
• Vaccine Development for Immunological Disorders
• Gastrointestinal Pathology and Nutrition
• Malabsorption Syndromes

Gallbladder Disorders are conditions that affect the gallbladder, a small organ located beneath the liver that is responsible for storing and releasing bile, a digestive fluid. Some common gallbladder disorders include gallstones, cholecystitis, and biliary dyskinesia. Gallstones are hard deposits that form in the gallbladder and can cause pain, inflammation, and other complications. Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder and can be caused by gallstones or other factors.

Biliary dyskinesia is a condition where the gallbladder doesn't empty properly, which can cause pain and discomfort. Symptoms of gallbladder disorders can include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and jaundice. Treatment for gallbladder disorders may include lifestyle changes, medications, and in some cases, surgery to remove the gallbladder. It's important to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms of a gallbladder disorder, as they can lead to serious complications if left untreated.

Sub-Tracks:

• Gall Stones
• Gallbladder disease and Pregnancy
• Cholecystitis
• Biliary Dyskinesia
• Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction

Gastrostomy is a surgical procedure that involves creating a small opening (stoma) in the stomach wall and inserting a feeding tube through it. This procedure is commonly performed on patients who are unable to eat or drink normally due to a variety of medical conditions such as cancer, stroke, neurological disorders, or swallowing difficulties.

The Gastrostomy Tube is usually made of silicone or polyurethane, and it can be inserted through the mouth or nose and guided down into the stomach, or inserted directly through the skin and into the stomach under anesthesia. Once in place, the tube can be used to deliver liquid nutrition, medications, or other fluids directly into the stomach.

Gastrostomy Tubes are typically made of silicone or polyurethane, and they come in different sizes and shapes depending on the patient's specific needs. The tubes can be inserted through the nose or mouth and guided into the stomach, or they can be inserted directly through the skin and into the stomach using an endoscope or X-ray guidance.

Gastrostomy is a safe and effective way to provide nutrition and hydration to patients who cannot eat or drink normally, and it can improve their overall health and quality of life. However, it does require ongoing care and monitoring to prevent complications such as infections, tube dislodgment, and blockages.

Sub Tracks:

• PEG Tube
• Alternative Feeding Methods: Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN), Jejunostomy
• Gastrostomy Tube Replacement
• Comparison of Gastrostomy and Nasogastric Tube Feeding: Benefits and Risks
• Laparoscopic-Percutaneous Combined Gastrostomy

Pancreatitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the pancreas, a gland located behind the stomach. The pancreas produces enzymes that help break down food in the small intestine and hormones that regulate blood sugar levels. When the pancreas becomes inflamed, the enzymes that are normally released into the small intestine can leak into the pancreas, causing damage to the tissue and leading to symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever.

Acute Pancreatitis is a sudden onset of inflammation that can range from mild to severe and is usually caused by gallstones, alcohol consumption, or certain medications. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a long-standing inflammation of the pancreas that can lead to irreversible damage and is often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, autoimmune disorders, or genetic factors.

Diagnosis of pancreatitis is usually based on symptoms, medical history, and imaging tests such as CT scans, MRIs, or ultrasounds. Treatment for pancreatitis usually involves hospitalization, where patients receive pain relief, fluids, and sometimes nutrition through intravenous feeding. In severe cases, surgery may be required to remove damaged tissue or treat complications such as fluid collections or infected necrotic tissue.

Preventing pancreatitis involves avoiding alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, and managing conditions such as gallstones or high triglyceride levels. For those with chronic pancreatitis, managing symptoms and preventing complications such as malnutrition and diabetes is key to improving quality of life.

Sub-Tracks:

• Types of Pancreatitis
• Traumatic Pancreatitis
• A Pancreatic Cysts
• Pancreatitis and Diabetes
• Hyper lipidemic Pancreatitis
• Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and Pancreatitis